Bacteria in Asia: Diversity, Ecosystem Contributions, Industrial Applications, Health Implications, and Emerging Research
Abstract: Bacteria play foundational roles across Asia’s diverse landscapes, from dense forests and expansive agricultural plains to urban centers and marine coastlines. These microorganisms impact environmental processes, support agricultural systems, contribute to industrial production, and present both opportunities and challenges in public health. Asia’s rich ecological, cultural, and economic diversity shapes unique bacterial ecosystems that are integral to soil health, nutrient cycling, water quality, and food safety. This comprehensive review examines the ecological roles of bacteria across Asia’s ecosystems, the impact of bacterial pathogens on public health, the industrial applications of bacteria, and recent advancements in microbial research. Given the complex challenges from urbanization, antibiotic resistance , and environmental pressures, bacteria research in Asia is essential to support sustainable development, improve healthcare, and innovate across various indust...